Partitioning of nitrogen and biomass at a range of N-addition rates and their consequences for growth and gas exchange in two perennial grasses from inland dunes

This paper describes the effects of nitrgen supply on the partitioning of biomass and nitrogen of Agrostis vinealis (L.) Schreber and Corynephorus canescens (L.) Beauv., two perennial grasses of dry, nutrient-poor inland dunes, and their consequences for growth and gas exchange. At a given plant nitrogen concentration (PNC) the two species allocate the same relative amount of dry matter and nitrogen to their leaves. However, A. vinealis allocates more dry matter and nitrogen to its roots and less to its above-ground support tissue than C. canescens . Both the leaf weight ratio and leaf nitrogen ratio increase with increasing PNC. Despite species-specific differences in growth form and leaf morphology, the leaf area ratio and specific leaf area of the two species are similar, both at high and low PNC. At intermediate nitrogen supply, and thus intemediate PNC, however, A. vinealis has a higher leaf area ratio and specific leaf area than C. canescens .
The two species exhibit a similar positive relationship when either the rate of net photosynthesis or the rate of shoot respiration are compared to the leaf nitrogen concentration, all expressed per unit leaf weight. The rate of net photosynthesis per unit Jeafnitrogen (PNUE) of the two species increases with decreasing leaf nitrogen concentration per unit leaf weight. C. canescens has a higher PNUE at low, and a lower PNUE at high leaf nitrogen concentration per unit leaf weight than A. vinealis . At non-limiting nitrogen supply, A. vinealis has a higher nitrogen productivity and net assimilation rate and a similar PNC and leaf area ratio as compared to C. canescens , which explains the higher relative growth rate (RGR_max) of A. vinealis. At growth-limiting nitrogen supply C. canescens achieves a similar relative growth rate at a lower PNC than A. vinealis.     

Photoautotrophic growth in suspension culture of cells from the moss, Barbula unguiculata

Chlorophyllous cells in suspension culture from the moss, Barbula unguculata Hedw., grown under photoheterotrophic conditions were transferred to photoautotrophic conditions. The cells started to grow photoautotrophically without selection. Maximum growth was observed under irradiances of more than 5 W m² and in an atmosphere enriched with 1% (v/v) CO₂. Under optimum growth conditions, dry weight and chlorophyll content in the culture had increased 20-fold after 20 days of cell growth. High concentration of chlorophyll [10–20 μg (mg dry weight)⁻¹] and high photosynthetic actively [30–70 μmol O₂ evolved (mg chlorophyll)⁻¹ h⁻¹] were observed throughout the culture period. In sugar-free culture medium, cell growth did not occur in the dark or in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) under light, although cell growth was observed in glucose-containing medium under those conditions. When cells that were grown photoautotrophically for one year were transferred to glucose-containing medium under ordinary air, they started to grow heterotrophically both in the light and in the dark.     

On Barbula munyensis R.S.Williams (Pottiaceae), an overlooked species from the tropical montane forest of South America

Abstract

Barbula munyensis R.S.Williams, a neglected moss species known only from the type material collected in central Peru in 1923, is newly reported for the moss floras of Argentina and Bolivia. The species is described, illustrated, mapped, and its habitat preferences are provided. Diagnostic characters and differentiation from some closely related South American taxa, with which it may be confused, are discussed. Barbula orizabensis Müll.Hal., a similar taxon, is excluded from the South American moss flora.     

中国丛藓科的新变种及新记录种

本文发表了中国丛藓科一新变种, 侧立藓粗台变种Pleuroweisias chliephackei Limpr. Var apophysis Gao et X. Y. Jia, var. nov. 和一新记录种, 芽胞扭口藓Barbula horrinervisSaito.     

逐渐干旱胁迫下生物土壤结皮中土生对齿藓和真藓信号转导物质的响应

以生物土壤结皮中土生对齿藓(Didymodon vinealis)和真藓(Bryum argenteum)为材料,研究了逐渐干旱胁迫下二者的信号传导相关物质的响应。结果表明:随干旱胁迫的增强,2种苔藓的细胞膜与液泡膜H+-ATPase活性增强,提高了二者的K+含量,增加了二者的渗透压,促进了二者的抗旱信号转导物质的合成;ABA对二者的信号转导作用都不明显,NO对土生对齿藓的抗旱作用不明显,但能提高真藓的抗旱性,而Ca2+只对土生对齿藓有明显信号转导作用,对真藓作用不明显。     

Effects of chemical substances on the rapid cultivation of moss crusts in a phytotron from the Loess Plateau,China

In this study, typical moss crusts, which were dominated by the species Didymodon vinealis (Brid.) Zand., were collected from the Loess Plateau and a 65-day cultivation experiment was performed to study the effects of five kinds of nutrient solutions (Knop, Murashige-Skoog (MS), Benecke, Part and Hoagland), two kinds of carbohydrates (glucose and sucrose) and three kinds of plant growth regulators (thidiazuron (TDZ), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)) on the coverage, plant density, and plant height of moss crusts. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) All Knop, MS, Benecke, Part and Hoagland nutrient solutions improved the coverage and plant density of moss crusts to different degrees and the promotional effects of the Hoagland nutrient solution were most significant. (2) Glucose and sucrose could promote the formation of moss crusts, but they inhibited the development of moss crusts at concentrations greater than 10?g/L. (3) With an increase in concentration, the effects of TDZ on the development of moss crusts changed from “enhanced” to “inhibited”. Regardless of whether the concentration was high or low, 6BA had no significant effects on the growth of moss crusts, and NAA reduced the development of moss crusts. Results suggest that nutrient solutions (e.g. Hoagland), low concentration carbohydrates solutions, and some plant growth regulators (e.g. 1?mg/L TDZ) enhance the development of moss crusts in Loess Plateau under the appropriate environmental conditions.     

小扭口藓(Barbula indica)芽胞发育特征的实验研究

在光照培养箱中人工对照培养小扭口藓(Barbula indica(Hook.) Spreng)的芽胞,显微镜下观察并记录其发育成配子体的全过程。结果表明:小扭口藓芽胞在3~4 d即可萌发;10 d左右开始分化出绿丝体、轴丝体及假根;18 d,轴丝体上的侧枝顶端细胞以分生缢割的方式产生单细胞或多细胞芽胞;40 d,轴丝体上开始出现配子体原始细胞;之后,配子体原始细胞发育成桑椹状的幼小配子体。还对芽胞形态发育、生理生态及配子体发生过程的特点进行了分析和讨论。     

Southern hemisphere synonyms of Racomitrium sudeticum (Funck) Bruch et Schimp.

Abstract

Type material is studied for six names of southern hemisphere Racomitria, viz. R. dustro-georgicum Par., R. amoenum (Broth.) Par., R. substenocladum Card., R. skottsbergii Card. et Broth., R. substenocladum fo. *nigrescens Card. et Broth., and R. austro-georgicum var. kranckii Riov. They are all placed as synonyms of R. sudeticum (Funck) Bruch et Schimp., which accordingly is bipolar. Racomitrium austro-sudeticum Broth. in Herz. belongs to the genus Grimmia.     

生物结皮光合作用对光温水的响应及其对结皮空间分布格局的解译——以黄土丘陵区为例

生物结皮是具有生命活性的地表覆被物,在黄土丘陵半干旱区广泛发育。迄今有关该区不同类型生物结皮的光合、呼吸作用潜力及其影响因素还不清楚。通过野外调查采样,利用室内半开放光合测定系统,测定了黄土丘陵区典型的藻类(3年生)、藓类(土生扭口藓)生物结皮(13年生)光合及呼吸作用过程对水分、温度及光照等环境因子的响应,在此基础上,解释了不同类型生物结皮空间分布格局的内在原因。结果表明:(1)在适合的光温水条件下,生物结皮的光合及呼吸作用强度取决于生物组成,研究区藓结皮的光合及呼吸作用速率显著高于藻结皮;(2)水分是生物结皮光合、呼吸作用的关键影响因子,只有当水分含量达到一定水平,才有光合及呼吸的可能。黄土丘陵区藓类及藻类生物结皮光合作用最适水分条件分别为80%-100%和40%-80%田间持水量。(3)藓类及藻类生物结皮光合作用光补偿点PAR均低于10μmol.m-2.s-1,光饱和点PAR分别为1000和800μmol.m-2.s-1,研究中2类生物结皮均未出现光抑制现象。(4)温度显著影响生物结皮的光合及呼吸作用,研究区藓类及藻类生物结皮的最适光合温度分别为20-25℃和25-30℃。(5)生物结皮光合作用对含水量及温度的响应可以解释结皮的空间分布特征。藻类植物光合作用的最适含水量较低而最适温度较高,因此在失水较快的阳坡及开阔地面上依然可以大面积发育;而藓类植物光合作用对水分条件要求较高,因此在水分条件较好的阴坡、低洼地才易演替至藓结皮阶段。